Re-signification of the concepts of digital surveillance, state of exception globalization and martial narrative in Byung-Chul Han, Giorgio Agamben, Domenico De Masi e Slavoj Žižek

Abstract

The height of the pandemic caused by the pandemic has led many thinkers to reflect on the "dystopian scenario" that has resulted in the state of exception in the global public health. The research examines issues controversial by the discussions of Byung-Chul Han, Giorgio Agamben, Domenico De Masi, and Slavoj Žižek. For this purpose, the main issues raised by the thinkers in their recent publications were mapped to show their contributions and limits. The research discusses in a critical-dialectical way controversial points that range from questioning the adoption of the state of public health emergency of international importance, the limits and scope of globalization, and the effectiveness of the use of martial rhetoric that declares war on the virus by designating it as the enemy. We conclude that a shift from a global health problem, which requires international cooperation and collective responsibility, to a martial issue tends to gloss over the real epidemiological problems, reinforces polarization, hostility, and the search for blame. The use of war rhetoric rather than provoking cooperation and support for unpopular measures fosters enmities and, depending on the circumstances, serves as a pretext for elected autocrats to restrict rights. Given this panoramic exposition of the text, the methodological path adopted is that of bibliographic and documental research