Interrelationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Reproductive and Metabolic Health

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition that affects women of reproductive age and is often associated with metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The interrelationship between these conditions has implications significant for the reproductive and metabolic health of patients. Objective: This study aims to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the interrelationship between PCOS and Diabetes Mellitus, identifying shared risk factors and discussing the clinical implications for the management of these conditions. Method: A comprehensive literature review was carried out using scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Articles published in the last ten years that address the relationship between PCOS and Diabetes Mellitus were selected, focusing on clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results and Discussion: The results of the review indicate that insulin resistance is a central mechanism in the interrelationship between PCOS and Diabetes Mellitus. Women with PCOS are at increased risk of developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to insulin resistance and the often-associated obesity. Additionally, chronic low-grade inflammation and hormonal changes contribute to the development of both conditions. The discussion addresses integrated therapies that aim to improve patients' reproductive and metabolic health, including pharmacological interventions and lifestyle changes. Conclusion: The Interrelationship between PCOS and Diabetes Mellitus highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these conditions. Early and personalized intervention can significantly improve patients' quality of life, reducing the risks associated with metabolic and reproductive complications.