Prenatal Care in Primary Care: approach and care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24859/SaberDigital.2025v18n3.1800Keywords:
primary health care, prenatal care, Maternal and Child Health, hyperglycemia, high-risk pregnancyAbstract
Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy, associated with maternal and fetal risks. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a crucial role in early identification and initial management, although specialized prenatal care is conducted by obstetricians. Objective: To analyze PHC prenatal care, focusing on the management and prevention of GDM, identifying the practices adopted by health professionals and the challenges faced in care, as well as intervention strategies capable of ensuring maternal and child health. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using articles from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the Virtual Health Library (LILACS) databases, with the following descriptors: "GESTATIONAL, DIABETES," "PRENATAL CARE," and "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE," combined with the Boolean operator "AND." Controlled clinical trials and observational studies were included. Articles outside the theme, duplicate articles, and articles not obtained in full were excluded. Nineteen articles were selected. Results and Discussion: Multidisciplinary interventions were more effective in metabolic control and weight gain. Digital support improved adherence to monitoring. Standardized screening protocols increased early detection. Group care models and electronic records with decision support optimized adherence to guidelines and self-care. However, challenges persist, such as low adherence from pregnant women, resource scarcity, and limited integration between levels of care. Conclusion: The effective management of GDM in PHC requires integrated approaches, including standardized screening, nutritional and physical activity interventions, digital support, and group care models. To overcome barriers, it is essential to train teams, standardize protocols, and strengthen integration with digital tools.
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