Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Valença Teaching Hospital – RJ

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microrganisms in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) represents a growing challenge for public health, especially when identified in patients admitted without prior hospitalization. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial colonization at the time of admission in patients at the ICU of Hospital Escola de Valença (RJ), between August 2022 and December 2023. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, prospective, and descriptive study based on the analysis of laboratory data from nasal and rectal swabs routinely collected at hospital admission. Results: Results revealed a significant prevalence of colonization by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to methicillin (MRSA). Discussion: Early detection of these pathogens is fundamental for adopting effective infection control measures and optimizing antimicrobial therapy. Active surveillance at hospital admission, even in patients without prior hospitalizations, proved essential for containing the spread of these microorganisms in the hospital environment. Conclusion: The findings reinforce the need to expand prevention strategies, including the rational use of antimicrobials, hand hygiene, and the isolation of colonized patients, contributing to patient safety and the reduction of hospital-acquired infection rates.